The person waking up from the experience is often asked to immediately curse or chase the spirit of the dead relative, which sometimes involves literally speaking to the spirit and telling him or her to go away or using expletives. Often persons sleeping near the afflicted person say kania, kania, "eat! eat!" in an attempt to prolong the possession for a chance to converse with the dead relative or spirit and seek answers as to why he or she has come back. In many cases the demon can be the spirit of a recently dead relative who has come back for some unfinished business, or has come to communicate some important news to the living. In Fiji, the experience is interpreted as kana tevoro, being "eaten" by a demon.The "Old Hag" was a nightmare spirit in British and also Anglophone North American folklore. This nightmare experience is described as being "hag-ridden" in the Gullah lore. The victim usually wakes with a feeling of terror, has difficulty breathing because of a perceived heavy invisible weight on his or her chest, and is unable to move i.e., experiences sleep paralysis. Folk belief in Newfoundland in Canada and South Carolina and Georgia in the United States describe the negative figure of the hag who leaves her physical body at night, and sits on the chest of her victim.The Swedish film Marianne examines the folklore surrounding sleep paralysis. In this state, she visits villagers to sit on their rib cages while they are asleep, causing them to experience nightmares. The mare is a damned woman, who is cursed and her body is carried mysteriously during sleep and without her noticing. In Scandinavian folklore, sleep paralysis is caused by a mare, a supernatural creature related to incubi and succubi.The word might be etymologically cognate to Greek Marōn (in the Odyssey) and Sanskrit Māra. Old Norse mara), hence comes the mare part in nightmare. In Old English the name for these beings was mare or mære (from a proto-Germanic *marōn, cf. Such sleep paralysis was widely considered the work of demons, and more specifically incubi, which were thought to sit on the chests of sleepers. The original definition of sleep paralysis was codified by Samuel Johnson in his A Dictionary of the English Language as nightmare, a term that evolved into our modern definition. Various cultures have various names for this phenomenon and/or supernatural character. The word "night-mare" or " nightmare" was used to describe this phenomenon before the word received its modern, more general meaning. It is a phenomenon which a person feels during a presence of a supernatural malevolent being which immobilizes the person as if sitting on their chest or the foot of their bed. The night hag or old hag is the name given to a supernatural creature, commonly associated with the phenomenon of sleep paralysis. The Nightmare, by Henry Fuseli (1781) is thought to be one of the classic depictions of sleep paralysis perceived as a demonic visitation. ![]() ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) JSTOR ( October 2016) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message).Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. This article needs additional citations for verification.
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